This study aimed to describe the factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Bhutan. The study covered all MDR-TB patients admitted to Gidhakom Hospital, Thimphu from August 2011 to July 2012. Data were collected from MDR-TB registers, laboratory registers and inpatient records as well as from interview with patients about demographic characteristics, history of previous anti-TB treatment, compliance and contact history. There were total 19 MDR-TB patients. Majority of the patients were males (63%). Median age was 25 years for males and 30 years for females.